Since “August” is Agosto in Italian, the two words evidently share linguistic roots. They both spring from Gaius Octavius Turinus, known by all as Octavian or Caesar Augustus who was the first Roman emperor. His great-uncle was the famous Julius Caesar for whom the eighth month of the year was named. Augustus’ reign lasted 37 years, from 27 B.C.E. to 14 A.D. Under his rule the economy flourished, agriculture and crafts grew, exports began, and culture bloomed. Details about the month named for this great politician and skilled speaker bring something special to our thoughts of summer.
One of the most important features of the new calendar introduced by Julius Caesar was that the year no longer began in March but in January. In honor of Augustus, the month was renamed in 8 B.C.E.
Augustus’ priorities and actions portray him as a peaceful prince. In fact, his reign is remembered as the time of Pax Augustea (or Pax Romana), that is a long truce from the civil and military wars in the ancient Roman Empire.
One of the most stunning monuments of ancient Rome is the Ara Pacis Augustae, or Altar of Augustan Peace, built circa 13-9 B.C.E. The altar, surrounded by walls that feature two levels of sculptures, was constructed at the beginning of the Imperial period in honor of Augustus's civil war victory, which brought peace to Rome.
As the population increased during Augustus’ reign, he commissioned several public works, including a system that allowed water to arrive in Rome more assiduously. Augustus was active as a judge, reformed several laws, was respectful of other religions, was close to the city’s intellectuals, and was known for his refined taste.
He also reformed the justice system, demanding that no crime go unpunished. He himself also judged in the courts, often issuing lenient sentences;
Augustus’ famous phrase: "I found a city (Rome) of bricks, I give it back to you in marble".
The northern Italian city of Aosta in Valle d'Aosta, on the border with France and Switzerland, was named Augusta Praetoria in honor of Augustus. Aosta is the site of a splendid Arc de Triomphe, a symbol of the city built in Augustus’ memory.
Also in August were held the Feriae Augusti, festivities of ancient origin that in this case were also dedicated to the emperor Octavian, from which comes today’s name for the public holiday Ferragosto, celebrated on August 15th.
Barbara Benzoni
Barbara Benzoni was born in Milan and lives between Rome and Tuscany. She is devoted to USA, the land of courage and innovation. She’s Peter's super-lucky mum and Ale's wife. Cinema, art, good food and only beautiful things are the themes of her existence. With a degree in Italian literature and a Masters in Sports Management she can both enjoys books and basketball matches. In 25 years she has been organizing sport events all over the world and she’s been lucky enough to meet the greatest champs ever. Curiosity in everyday life and people are her drivers. Her personal icon is Mohammed Ali : "It's not bragging if you can back it up".